Domestic Payment Frauds in India (2022–2025): A Quantitative Analysis of Trends, Risk Indicators, and Policy Implications

Shalabh Saxena; Ajeet Yadav

Abstract

The rapid rise of digital payment systems in India, especially the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), has changed how financial transactions are made by improving convenience, speed, and access for everyone. However, this increase in digital payments has also led to more cyber-related risks, particularly domestic payment fraud. This research aims to look at the patterns and implications of domestic payment fraud in India from September 2022 to March 2025, using secondary data from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The study depends on three main indicators: the total volume and value of digital transactions, how often fraudulent transactions occur (measured as one in every ‘X’ transactions being fraudulent), and the fraud transaction share (FTS), which is the value of frauds per 10,000 transactions. By using descriptive statistics and trend analysis, this paper investigates whether there is a link between rising digital payment volumes and increasing fraudulent activity. The findings show an interesting pattern. While the volume and value of digital payments have steadily gone up, the occurrence of fraud and the FTS have not increased at the same rate. In fact, they show cyclical variations and sometimes even a downward trend. This indicates that better fraud detection methods, awareness campaigns, and regulatory actions may be reducing risks even as usage grows. This research provides valuable insights for banks, fintech companies, and regulators to grasp the changing nature of fraud in India’s digital landscape. It also offers solid evidence to help build stronger security measures for UPI and other digital platforms. The paper concludes by stressing the need for proactive risk assessment, real-time fraud monitoring systems, and ongoing consumer education to ensure safe digital financial services in India.