Feminism in the Global Scenario

Radhika Gupta; Kavita Ghughuskar

Abstract

Feminism is a transformative social and political movement that challenges systemic inequalities rooted in patriarchal ideologies. Historically viewed through Western-centric lenses, feminism today is increasingly recognized as a diverse and globally interconnected struggle. This paper critically examines the trajectory of feminism from its historical roots to its present-day manifestations in different regions including North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. It explores how feminism has evolved through multiple waves—each wave characterized by unique socio-political goals such as suffrage, workplace equality, bodily autonomy, and identity politics. The paper also investigates regional disparities and the influence of local culture, religion, and politics on feminist movements. For instance, Western feminism has often emphasized individual rights and legal reforms, while feminism in the Global South frequently intersects with anti-colonial and socio-economic struggles. This research highlights the importance of intersectionality, a concept introduced by Kimberlé Crenshaw, in addressing overlapping oppressions based on caste, race, class, and gender identity. The growing influence of digital platforms in advancing feminist activism is also discussed, particularly in light of global campaigns like MeToo. Despite progress, feminism continues to face challenges such as backlash, co-optation by market forces, and internal fragmentation. Through a comprehensive literature review and contextual analysis, this paper argues for a more inclusive, solidarity-based global feminism that acknowledges local voices and shared struggles. It concludes that feminism’s future lies in bridging global-local divides and fostering a pluralistic movement for gender justice.