Strategic Shadowboxing in India–U.S. Relations: A Decadal Review (2014–2024)

Manika  Jain; Aman  Pandey

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the trajectory of India–U.S. relations over the decade from 2014 to 2024, with a focus on key developments, outcomes, and prospects of the bilateral partnership. During this period, the strategic relationship between the two countries evolved significantly, influenced by economic interests, political priorities, and shared ideological concerns. The formation of a strategic alliance progressed across different phases, shaped largely by converging interests in regional stabilityand global governance. However, the relationship was not without constraints. India’s pursuit of an independent and sovereign foreign policy, coupled with U.S. reluctance on certain strategic and trade-related issues, occasionally created disagreements and policy friction. The paper examines the distinctive features that define contemporary India–U.S. relations, highlighting how mutual concerns –particularly regarding China’s growing influence – have contributed to the gradual strengthening of ties. A comparative analysis of the three U.S. administrations reveals notable variations in approach: President Obama emphasized defense cooperation and strategic partnerships; President Trump adopted a transactional, deal-oriented approach; while President Biden renewed emphasis on multilateralism, institutional frameworks, and alliance-based diplomacy. The study employs a theoretical framework grounded in international relations theories to analyze policy continuity and change under the administrations of Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden. The findings suggest that while policy intent and strategic vision are crucial, the real measure of success in India–U.S. relations lies in effective policy implementation.

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